Title |
Antiretroviral drugs saquinavir and ritonavir reduce inhibitory concentration values of itraconazole against Histoplasma capsulatum strains in vitro
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Published in |
Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2015
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DOI | 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.11.003 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, Érica Pacheco Caetano, Giovanna Barbosa Riello, Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes, Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco, Maria Auxiliadora Bezerra Fechine, Jonathas Sales de Oliveira, Zoilo Pires de Camargo, Jacó Ricarte Lima de Mesquita, André Jalles Monteiro, Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha, José Júlio Costa Sidrim |
Abstract |
Recent studies have shown that some drugs that are not routinely used to treat fungal infections have antifungal activity, such as protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs. This study investigated the in vitro susceptibility of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum to saquinavir and ritonavir, and its combination with the antifungal itraconazole. The susceptibility assay was performed according to CSLI guidelines. All strains were inhibited by the protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs. Saquinavir showed MICs ranging from 0.125 to 1μgmL(-1) for both phases, and ritonavir presented MICs ranging from 0.0312 to 4μgmL(-1)and from 0.0625 to 1μgmL(-1) for filamentous and yeast phase, respectively. Concerning the antifungal itraconazole, the MIC values ranged from 0.0019 to 0.125μgmL(-1) and from 0.0039 to 0.0312μgmL(-1) for the filamentous and yeast phase, respectively. The combination of saquinavir or ritonavir with itraconazole was synergistic against H. capsulatum, with a significant reduction in the MICs of both drugs against the strains (p<0.05). These data show an important in vitro synergy between protease inhibitors and itraconazole against the fungus H. capsulatum. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Brazil | 1 | 33% |
France | 1 | 33% |
Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 28 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Bachelor | 6 | 21% |
Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 14% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 7% |
Student > Master | 2 | 7% |
Other | 3 | 11% |
Unknown | 7 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 29% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 14% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 11% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 7% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 7% |
Other | 3 | 11% |
Unknown | 6 | 21% |