Effects of primaquine and chloroquine on oxidative stress parameters in rats

Francianne Giovanella, Gabriela K Ferreira, Samira D T de Prá, Milena Carvalho-Silva, Lara M Gomes, Giselli Scaini, Renata C Gonçalves, Monique Michels, Letícia S Galant, Luiza M Longaretti, Ana Luiza Dajori, Vanessa M Andrade, Felipe Dal-Pizzol, Emilio L Streck, Renan P de Souza

Primaquine and chloroquine are used for the treatment of malaria; evidence from the literature suggests that these drugs may induce oxidative stress. In this study we investigated the effects of primaquine and chloroquine on oxidative damage and DNA damage in brain, liver and kidney of rats after 7, 14 and 21 days of administration. Our results demonstrated that primaquine causes DNA damage in brain after 7, 14 and 21 days, and in liver after 7 and 14 days. Moreover, primaquine increases TBARS levels in the kidney and protein carbonyls in the brain after 14 days, and decreases protein carbonyls in the liver after 7 days. Whereas chloroquine causes DNA damage in the kidney after 7 and 14 days, and in the liver after 14 and 21 days, increases TBARS levels in the kidney after 7 days, and decreases TBARS levels in the brain after 21 days. Moreover, decreases protein carbonyls in the liver after 7 and 14 days, and in the brain after 7 and 21 days. However, chloroquine treatment for 14 days increases protein carbonyls in the brain and kidney. In conclusion, these results showed that prolonged treatment with antimalarial may adversely affect the DNA.