Title |
Non-inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid delays the diagnosis and start of immunotherapy in anti-NMDAR encephalitis
|
---|---|
Published in |
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, January 2018
|
DOI | 10.1590/0004-282x20170179 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mariana Espinola-Nadurille, Paola Bautista-Gomez, Jose Flores, Veronica Rivas-Alonso, Rodrigo Perez-Esparza, Rodolfo Solís-Vivanco, Steven Vargas-Cañas |
Abstract |
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a form of autoimmune encephalopathy that presents with a wide variety of symptoms, including neuropsychiatric manifestations. The authors' aim for this study was to analyze the results of paraclinical studies of patients with a diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the association between symptom onset and diagnosis, and start of immunotherapy. Retrospective data of 29 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were gathered and analyzed. Abnormal EEG was found in 27 patients (93.1%), whereas MRI was abnormal in 19 patients (65.5%). In contrast, an inflammatory pattern on CSF analysis was found in only 13 patients (44.8%). The absence of pleocytosis or increased proteins in the CSF was associated with a longer time from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment (p = 0.003). The authors conclude that noninflammatory CSF may delay the correct diagnosis and start of immunotherapy in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In the presence of suggestive clinical features, extensive studies including EEG are recommended. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | 29% |
United States | 1 | 14% |
Germany | 1 | 14% |
Unknown | 3 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 4 | 57% |
Scientists | 2 | 29% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 23 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 17% |
Student > Master | 3 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 2 | 9% |
Other | 2 | 9% |
Researcher | 2 | 9% |
Other | 5 | 22% |
Unknown | 5 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 35% |
Neuroscience | 7 | 30% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
Arts and Humanities | 1 | 4% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 5 | 22% |