Title |
Opioid peptides and gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorders
|
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Published in |
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, June 2016
|
DOI | 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1777 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Cristiane P. Lázaro, Milena P. Pondé, Luiz E.A. Rodrigues |
Abstract |
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by deficits in the individual's ability to socialize, communicate, and use the imagination, in addition to stereotyped behaviors. These disorders have a heterogenous phenotype, both in relation to symptoms and regarding severity. Organic problems related to the gastrointestinal tract are often associated with ASD, including dysbiosis, inflammatory bowel disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, celiac disease, indigestion, malabsorption, food intolerance, and food allergies, leading to vitamin deficiencies and malnutrition. In an attempt to explain the pathophysiology involved in autism, a theory founded on opioid excess has been the focus of various investigations, since it partially explains the symptomatology of the disorder. Another hypothesis has been put forward whereby the probable triggers of ASDs would be related to the presence of bacteria in the bowel, oxidative stress, and intestinal permeability. The present update reviews these hypotheses. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 17% |
Argentina | 1 | 17% |
Spain | 1 | 17% |
Unknown | 3 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 165 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 30 | 18% |
Student > Master | 22 | 13% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 10% |
Researcher | 15 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 6% |
Other | 26 | 16% |
Unknown | 45 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 36 | 22% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 17 | 10% |
Psychology | 13 | 8% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 11 | 7% |
Other | 24 | 15% |
Unknown | 53 | 32% |