Title |
Raptors and "campo-cerrado" bird mixed flock led by Cypsnagra Hirundinacea (Emberizidae:Thraupinae)
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Published in |
Brazilian Journal of Biology, February 2001
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DOI | 10.1590/s0034-71082000000300011 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
J. RAGUSA-NETTO |
Abstract |
Bird mixed flocks including Cypsnagra hirundinacea and Neothraupis fasciata as species with sentinels were studied in "campo-cerrado" in order to investigate the possible relationship between alertness and the mixed flock leadership. This study was conducted from March to September 1996 and mixed flocks were observed on average for 2:30h. The time with sentinels were recorded for C. hirundinacea and N. fasciata. The sentinels of Cypsnagra hirundinacea performed most of the vigilance (time with sentinel was on average 42 +/- 17%, 41 +/- 17% of which by C. hirundinacea, whereas only 1.2% by N. fasciata) and gave all the alarm calls recorded (54% of the encounters with raptors stimulated alarm calls). A relationship was verified between time with sentinel and the rate of encounters with raptor (ANOVA, F = 3.0. P < 0.05). The results of this study are an evidence for the anti-predatory function of mixed flocks, in campo-cerrado, and the alertness as a major feature of a leader species, since C. hirundinacea always led those flocks. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 6 | 8% |
Spain | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 64 | 90% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 12 | 17% |
Researcher | 11 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 8 | 11% |
Student > Postgraduate | 8 | 11% |
Professor | 7 | 10% |
Other | 16 | 23% |
Unknown | 9 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 51 | 72% |
Environmental Science | 9 | 13% |
Philosophy | 1 | 1% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 1 | 1% |
Social Sciences | 1 | 1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 8 | 11% |