Title |
A new classification of foods based on the extent and purpose of their processing
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Published in |
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, December 2010
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DOI | 10.1590/s0102-311x2010001100005 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Carlos Augusto Monteiro, Renata Bertazzi Levy, Rafael Moreira Claro, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro, Geoffrey Cannon |
Abstract |
This paper describes a new food classification which assigns foodstuffs according to the extent and purpose of the industrial processing applied to them. Three main groups are defined: unprocessed or minimally processed foods (group 1), processed culinary and food industry ingredients (group 2), and ultra-processed food products (group 3). The use of this classification is illustrated by applying it to data collected in the Brazilian Household Budget Survey which was conducted in 2002/2003 through a probabilistic sample of 48,470 Brazilian households. The average daily food availability was 1,792 kcal/person being 42.5% from group 1 (mostly rice and beans and meat and milk), 37.5% from group 2 (mostly vegetable oils, sugar, and flours), and 20% from group 3 (mostly breads, biscuits, sweets, soft drinks, and sausages). The share of group 3 foods increased with income, and represented almost one third of all calories in higher income households. The impact of the replacement of group 1 foods and group 2 ingredients by group 3 products on the overall quality of the diet, eating patterns and health is discussed. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 5 | 26% |
Brazil | 3 | 16% |
New Zealand | 1 | 5% |
Peru | 1 | 5% |
Portugal | 1 | 5% |
Unknown | 8 | 42% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 11 | 58% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 6 | 32% |
Scientists | 2 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 433 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 24 | 6% |
Student > Master | 18 | 4% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | <1% |
Student > Postgraduate | 4 | <1% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | <1% |
Other | 10 | 2% |
Unknown | 369 | 85% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Nursing and Health Professions | 25 | 6% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 2% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 2% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 5 | 1% |
Unspecified | 3 | <1% |
Other | 9 | 2% |
Unknown | 375 | 87% |