Retinoic acid signaling biomarkers after treatment with retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist (Ro 41-5253) in canine testis: An in vitro organ culture study
Retinoic acid (RA) is an essential component for development and maintenance of the male genital tract and for spermatogenesis. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)1, cytochrome P450 (CYP)26b1, RA receptor (RAR)α, cellular RA-binding protein (CRAB)II, and stimulated by RA gene (STRA)8 are involved in synthesis, metabolism signaling pathways, and as downstream effectors of RA. The objective was to elucidate the effects of exogenous RA and a RARα antagonist on gene expression of ALDH1, CYP26b1, RARα, cellular RA-binding protein II, and STRA8 in an in vitro organ culture model of canine testis. Testicular tissues from medium-sized mixed breed dogs (N = 5; age 8 ± 0.17 mo) were subjected to exogenous all trans-RA (final concentrations of 1, 2, and 10 μM, and DMSO as control) for 24 h. Similarly, testicular tissues were treated with Ro 41-5253 (RARα antagonist), at 1, 10, and 50 μM final concentrations (DMSO as control) for 24 h. Exogenous RA or the RARα antagonist decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA abundance of ALDH1 in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. The CRABII mRNA abundance was greater after RA treatment compared with control (P < 0.01), but only 50 μM Ro 41-5253 effectively decreased CRABII mRNA abundance compared with control (P < 0.01). Although RA did not affect RARα mRNA abundance, the RARα antagonist treatment lowered RARα mRNA abundance compared with control (P < 0.05). Abundance of CYP26b1and STRA8 mRNA were greater (P < 0.05) after RA treatment, but lower (P < 0.05) after RARα antagonist treatment compared with control. In conclusion, exogenous RA decreased mRNA abundance of ALDH1 and increased mRNA abundance of RA signaling molecules and its downstream effectors (CYP26b1, CRABII, and STRA8), whereas treatment with a RARα antagonist effectively decreased RARα and RA metabolism molecules and its downstream effectors in canine testis. Perhaps pharmacological intervention via the RA pathway would enable canine male contraception or treatment of testicular pathology.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
1
5%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
1
5%
Other
2
9%
Unknown
5
23%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 05 December 2012.
All research outputs
#22,759,452
of 25,374,647 outputs
Outputs from Theriogenology
#2,485
of 3,238 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#181,548
of 202,171 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Theriogenology
#16
of 30 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,374,647 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,238 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.4. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 202,171 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 30 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
