| Title |
Transverse Alpine Speciation Driven by Glaciation
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, September 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1016/j.tree.2016.08.009 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors | |
| Abstract |
The allopatric model of biological speciation involves fracturing of a pre-existing species distribution and subsequent genetic divergence in isolation. Accumulating global evidence from the Pyrénées, Andes, Himalaya, and the Southern Alps in New Zealand shows the Pleistocene to be associated with the generation of new alpine lineages. By synthesising a large number of genetic analyses and incorporating tectonic, climatic, and population-genetic models, we show here how glaciation is the likely driver of speciation transverse to the Southern Alps. New calibrations for rates of molecular evolution and tectonic uplift both suggest a ∼2 million-year (Ma) time frame. Although glaciation is often seen as destructive for biodiversity, here we demonstrate its creativity, and suggest a general model for speciation on temperate mountain systems worldwide. |
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X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| New Zealand | 5 | 26% |
| United Kingdom | 3 | 16% |
| Spain | 2 | 11% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 5% |
| Australia | 1 | 5% |
| Czechia | 1 | 5% |
| Brazil | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 5 | 26% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 9 | 47% |
| Scientists | 9 | 47% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | 2 | 1% |
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Peru | 1 | <1% |
| India | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 154 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 37 | 23% |
| Researcher | 29 | 18% |
| Student > Bachelor | 20 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 15 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 6% |
| Other | 22 | 14% |
| Unknown | 26 | 16% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 72 | 45% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 25 | 16% |
| Environmental Science | 16 | 10% |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | 5 | 3% |
| Social Sciences | 2 | 1% |
| Other | 5 | 3% |
| Unknown | 34 | 21% |