PURPOSE: Posterior shoulder tightness is common in throwing athletes, especially those with symptomatic shoulder internal impingement. The role of posteroinferior capsular contracture in the pathoetiologies of throwing-related injuries caused by shoulder internal impingement remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess effect of posterior shoulder tightness on internal impingement in a cadaveric model of throwing. METHODS: Seven fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested with the shoulder abducted to 90° and at maximum external rotation to simulate the late cocking phase of throwing motion. Glenohumeral joint contact pressure and area through internal impingement, humeral head shift, and the maximum humeral rotation angle were measured. Posteroinferior capsular plication was performed to simulate posteroinferior capsular tightness and induce glenohumeral internal rotation deficit. RESULTS: Following generation of simulated posteroinferior capsular tightness with resultant glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, glenohumeral contact pressure was significantly increased (P < 0.05), the impinged area of rotator cuff tendon was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the humeral head shifted posteriorly (P < 0.05) during shoulder internal impingement. CONCLUSION: Excessive posteroinferior capsular tightness can cause forceful internal impingement of the shoulder at maximum external rotation position.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 19. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 14 February 2026.
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#2,356,760
of 31,849,655 outputs
Outputs from Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
#185
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Outputs of similar age
#19,996
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Outputs of similar age from Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
#3
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Altmetric has tracked 31,849,655 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 92nd percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,561 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.9. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 331,538 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 93% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 58 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.
