| Title |
Behavioral and Emotional Problems Associated With Convergence Insufficiency in Children
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Journal of Attention Disorders, July 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1177/1087054713511528 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors | |
| Abstract |
This study investigated behavioral and emotional characteristics of children with convergence insufficiency (CI), before and after treatment with office-based vergence accommodative therapy (OBVAT). Parents of 44 children ages 9 to 17 years with symptomatic CI completed the Conners 3 ADHD Index and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) before and after OBVAT. Pre-treatment scores were compared with normative data and post-treatment scores were compared with baseline using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. Following OBVAT, CI children showed a significant mean improvement (p < .0001, effect size of 0.58) on the Conners 3 ADHD Index with the largest changes occurring in the 23 children who scored the highest at baseline. On the CBCL, anxious/depressed, somatic, and internalizing problems improved significantly (p < .001, effect sizes of -0.36, -1.15, and -0.67, respectively). In an open trial, attention and internalizing problems improved significantly following treatment for CI. |
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X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 5 | 36% |
| Canada | 1 | 7% |
| Australia | 1 | 7% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 7% |
| Spain | 1 | 7% |
| Unknown | 5 | 36% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 13 | 93% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 7% |
Mendeley demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 101 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 13 | 13% |
| Researcher | 9 | 9% |
| Other | 6 | 6% |
| Professor | 6 | 6% |
| Other | 22 | 22% |
| Unknown | 32 | 32% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 20 | 20% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 18 | 18% |
| Psychology | 8 | 8% |
| Neuroscience | 4 | 4% |
| Business, Management and Accounting | 3 | 3% |
| Other | 11 | 11% |
| Unknown | 37 | 37% |