| Title |
Amplifying Genetic Logic Gates
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Science, March 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1126/science.1232758 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors | |
| Abstract |
Organisms must process information encoded via developmental and environmental signals to survive and reproduce. Researchers have also engineered synthetic genetic logic to realize simpler, independent control of biological processes. We developed a three-terminal device architecture, termed the transcriptor, that uses bacteriophage serine integrases to control the flow of RNA polymerase along DNA. Integrase-mediated inversion or deletion of DNA encoding transcription terminators or a promoter modulates transcription rates. We realized permanent amplifying AND, NAND, OR, XOR, NOR, and XNOR gates actuated across common control signal ranges and sequential logic supporting autonomous cell-cell communication of DNA encoding distinct logic-gate states. The single-layer digital logic architecture developed here enables engineering of amplifying logic gates to control transcription rates within and across diverse organisms. |
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X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 20 | 33% |
| Germany | 2 | 3% |
| France | 2 | 3% |
| Canada | 2 | 3% |
| Switzerland | 2 | 3% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
| Spain | 1 | 2% |
| Egypt | 1 | 2% |
| Ecuador | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 7 | 11% |
| Unknown | 22 | 36% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 39 | 64% |
| Scientists | 18 | 30% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 3% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 24 | 2% |
| Japan | 5 | <1% |
| Canada | 4 | <1% |
| Germany | 4 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 4 | <1% |
| France | 3 | <1% |
| Spain | 3 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 2 | <1% |
| Mexico | 2 | <1% |
| Other | 20 | 2% |
| Unknown | 966 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 278 | 27% |
| Researcher | 175 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 133 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 111 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 39 | 4% |
| Other | 159 | 15% |
| Unknown | 142 | 14% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 353 | 34% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 212 | 20% |
| Engineering | 98 | 9% |
| Chemistry | 48 | 5% |
| Computer Science | 41 | 4% |
| Other | 124 | 12% |
| Unknown | 161 | 16% |