Title |
Multi-antigen spherical nucleic acid cancer vaccines
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature Biomedical Engineering, January 2023
|
DOI | 10.1038/s41551-022-01000-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Michelle H. Teplensky, Michael Evangelopoulos, Jasper W. Dittmar, Connor M. Forsyth, Andrew J. Sinegra, Shuya Wang, Chad A. Mirkin |
Abstract |
Cancer vaccines must activate multiple immune cell types to be effective against aggressive tumours. Here we report the impact of the structural presentation of two antigenic peptides on immune responses at the transcriptomic, cellular and organismal levels. We used spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanoparticles to investigate how the spatial distribution and placement of two antigen classes affect antigen processing, cytokine production and the induction of memory. Compared with single-antigen SNAs, a single dual-antigen SNA elicited a 30% increase in antigen-specific T cell activation and a two-fold increase in T cell proliferation. Antigen placement within dual-antigen SNAs altered the gene expression of T cells and tumour growth. Specifically, dual-antigen SNAs encapsulating antigens targeting helper T cells and with externally conjugated antigens targeting cytotoxic T cells elevated antitumour genetic pathways, stalling lymphoma tumours in mice. Additionally, when combined with the checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed-cell-death protein-1 in a mouse model of melanoma, a specific antigen arrangement within dual-antigen SNAs suppressed tumour growth and increased the levels of circulating memory T cells. The structural design of multi-antigen vaccines substantially impacts their efficacy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 30 | 24% |
Canada | 7 | 6% |
France | 4 | 3% |
Brazil | 3 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 2% |
Mexico | 2 | 2% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Pakistan | 1 | <1% |
Other | 10 | 8% |
Unknown | 62 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 78 | 63% |
Scientists | 31 | 25% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 10 | 8% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 5 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 70 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 16% |
Researcher | 10 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 6% |
Other | 4 | 6% |
Student > Master | 4 | 6% |
Other | 12 | 17% |
Unknown | 25 | 36% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 20% |
Chemistry | 8 | 11% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 9% |
Engineering | 5 | 7% |
Unspecified | 3 | 4% |
Other | 7 | 10% |
Unknown | 27 | 39% |