Early puberty onset is associated with higher risk of diabetes, but most studies have not accounted for childhood factors that may confound the association. Using data from a study conducted in an Indigenous community in Arizona (1965-2007) we examined associations of timing and velocity of the adolescent growth spurt with type 2 diabetes, and whether these associations are mediated by childhood BMI and insulinemia. Adolescent growth parameters were derived from the Preece-Baines growth model, a parametric growth curve fitted to longitudinal height data, in 861 participants with height measurements spanning the whole period of growth. In males, older age at take-off, age at peak velocity and age at maturation were associated with decreased prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio [OR]=0.43 per year, 95% CI 0.27-0.69; OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.35-0.72; OR=0.58, 95% CI, 0.41-0.83, respectively), while higher velocity at take-off was associated with increased risk (OR=3.47 per cm/yr, 95% CI 1.87-6.42) adjusting for age, birth year and maternal diabetes. Similar results were observed with incident diabetes. Our findings suggest that an early and accelerated adolescent growth spurt is a risk factor for diabetes, at least in males. These associations are only partially explained by measures of adiposity and insulinemia.
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