Jonathan P. Meizoso, Charles A. Karcutskie, Juliet J. Ray, Nicholas Namias, Carl I. Schulman, Kenneth G. Proctor

Acute fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with early mortality after trauma, however no prior studies have investigated the incidence of persistent fibrinolysis or its association with mortality. We test the hypothesis that persistent fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with mortality in critically ill trauma patients. Thromboelastography was performed upon ICU admission in 181 adult trauma patients and at 1-week in a subset of 78 patients. Fibrinolysis shutdown was defined as LY30 <0.8% and was considered transient if resolved by 1-week postinjury or persistent if not. Logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, hemodynamics, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Median age was 52 years, 88% male, median ISS 27, with 56% transient fibrinolysis shutdown, 44% persistent fibrinolysis shutdown and 12% mortality. Median LY30 was 0.23% (IQR: 0-1.20%) at admission and 0.10% (IQR: 0-2.05%) at 1-week. Transient shutdown more often occurred after head injury (p=0.019), whereas persistent shutdown was more often associated with penetrating injury (29% vs. 9%, p=0.020), lower LY30 at ICU admission (0.10% vs. 1.15%, p<0.0001) and at 1-week (0% vs. 1.68%, p<0.0001), and higher mortality (21% vs. 5%, p=0.036). Persistent fibrinolysis shutdown was associated with admission LY30 (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.34, p=0.002) and transfusion of PRBCs (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.97, p=0.021) and platelets (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.16-6.84, p=0.022); moreover, it was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 8.48, 95% CI: 1.35-53.18, p=0.022). Persistent fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with late mortality after trauma. A high index of suspicion should be maintained, especially in patients with penetrating injury, reduced LY30 on admission, and/or receiving blood product transfusion. Judicious use of tranexamic acid is advised in this cohort.