| Title |
Where Have All the Giants Gone? How Animals Deal with the Problem of Size
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLoS Biology, January 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000473 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors | |
| Abstract |
The survival of both the hunter and the hunted often comes down to speed. Yet how fast an animal can run is intricately linked to its size, such that the fastest animals are not the biggest nor the smallest. The ability to maintain high speeds is dependent on the body's capacity to withstand the high stresses involved with locomotion. Yet even when standing still, scaling principles would suggest that the mechanical stress an animal feels will increase in greater demand than its body can support. So if big animals want to be fast, they must find solutions to overcome these high stresses. This article explores the ways in which extant animals mitigate size-related increases in musculoskeletal stress in an effort to help understand where all the giants have gone. |
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X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 21 | 15% |
| Australia | 13 | 9% |
| Japan | 11 | 8% |
| United Kingdom | 10 | 7% |
| Canada | 6 | 4% |
| Spain | 5 | 3% |
| Brazil | 4 | 3% |
| France | 4 | 3% |
| Italy | 4 | 3% |
| Other | 19 | 13% |
| Unknown | 47 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 92 | 64% |
| Scientists | 44 | 31% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 7 | 5% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 5 | 3% |
| Netherlands | 2 | 1% |
| Germany | 2 | 1% |
| Japan | 1 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| Canada | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Australia | 1 | <1% |
| Argentina | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 150 | 91% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 34 | 21% |
| Researcher | 33 | 20% |
| Student > Bachelor | 18 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 10 | 6% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 10 | 6% |
| Other | 26 | 16% |
| Unknown | 34 | 21% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 61 | 37% |
| Engineering | 12 | 7% |
| Environmental Science | 12 | 7% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 4% |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | 7 | 4% |
| Other | 19 | 12% |
| Unknown | 47 | 28% |