To compare prevalence of carotid artery disease and its various types of lesions in different types of ocular arterial occlusive disorders.
Cohort study.
614 consecutive patients (728 eyes) with ocular arterial occlusive disorders.
At first visit, all patients had a detailed ophthalmic and medical history, comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, and carotid artery evaluation (by Doppler/angiography) on the side of ocular arterial occlusion, and echocardiography. The same ophthalmic evaluation was performed at each follow-up visit. Ocular arterial occlusive disorders were divided into central (CRAO) and branch (BRAO) retinal artery occlusion, ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS), non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) and amaurosis fugax (AF).
Carotid artery and echocardiographic abnormalities, and incidence of transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke and myocardial ischemia.
The study consists of a cohort of 266 eyes with NA-AION, 203 with CRAO, 127 with BRAO, 80 with OIS and 52 with AF. Carotid artery stenosis on the involved side was worse in AF and OIS compared to BRAO, CRAO, and NA-AION (p<0.0001). Presence of carotid artery plaques on the involved side was significantly higher in OIS, AF, and CRAO compared to NA-AION (p=0.002, p=0.003, and p=0.0003, respectively). Echocardiography revealed an embolic source in 61% of CRAO and 53% of BRAO compared to only 3% of NA-AION patients (p<0.0001). TIA/stroke before or after onset of ocular condition occurred in 17% of OIS, 11% of AF, 7% of CRAO, 6% of NA-AION, and 3% of BRAO patients. Kaplan-Meier estimate of the incidence of TIA /stroke within 3 months after onset was 6% (95% CI: 2%, 17%) for OIS, 3% (95% CI: 0.4%, 19%) for AF, and 1% (95% CI: 0.3%, 4.1%) for CRAO. Report of myocardial ischemia before or after onset of ocular condition was 52% in AF, 22% in OIS, 22% in BRAO, 21% in CRAO, and 6% in NA-AION patients.
The incidence of carotid artery stenosis and plaques, cardiac embolic source, TIA/stroke and myocardial ischemia differ among various ocular arterial occlusive disorders. The role of embolism and hemodynamic disturbances caused by carotid artery disease in these disorders is discussed.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
2
4%
Unspecified
1
2%
Business, Management and Accounting
1
2%
Other
0
0%
Unknown
17
30%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 03 June 2025.
All research outputs
#9,882,879
of 28,879,505 outputs
Outputs from Ophthalmology Retina
#235
of 693 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#149,455
of 427,884 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Ophthalmology Retina
#3
of 11 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 28,879,505 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 41st percentile – i.e., 41% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 11 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 63% of its contemporaries.
