Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical in the host defence against viruses. They induce hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) many of which have an antiviral role. Poxviruses induce IFNs via their pathogen-associated molecular patterns, in particular, their genomic DNA. In a majority of cell types, dsDNA is detected by a range of cytoplasmic DNA sensors that mediate type I IFN expression via stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Orf virus (ORFV) induces cutaneous pustular skin lesions and is the type species of the Parapoxvirus genus within the Poxviridae family. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ORFV modulates dsDNA-induced type I IFN expression via STING-dependent signalling pathways in human dermal fibroblasts (hNDF) and THP-1 cells. We showed that ORFV infection of these cell types treated with poly(dA:dT) resulted in strong inhibition of expression of IFN-β. In hNDFs, we showed using siRNA knock-down that STING was essential for type I IFN induction. IFN-β expression was further reduced when both STING and RIG-I were knocked down. In addition, HEK293 cells that do not express STING or Toll-like receptors also produce IFN-β following stimulation with poly(dA:dT). The 5' triphosphate dsRNA produced by RNA polymerase III specifically results in the induction of type I IFNs through the RIG-I receptor. We showed that ORFV infection resulted in strong inhibition of IFN-β expression in HEK293 cells stimulated with poly(dA:dT). Overall, this study shows that ORFV potently counteracts the STING-dependent and STING-independent IFN response by antagonizing dsDNA-activated IFN signalling pathways.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 30 October 2023.
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#21,923,334
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Outputs from Journal of General Virology
#7,191
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#184,939
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Outputs of similar age from Journal of General Virology
#22
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Altmetric has tracked 34,387,656 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 35th percentile – i.e., 35% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 8,265 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.9. This one is in the 12th percentile – i.e., 12% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 38 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 42nd percentile – i.e., 42% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
