| Title |
Targeted sequencing identifies 91 neurodevelopmental-disorder risk genes with autism and developmental-disability biases
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Nature Genetics, February 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1038/ng.3792 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Holly A F Stessman, Bo Xiong, Bradley P Coe, Tianyun Wang, Kendra Hoekzema, Michaela Fenckova, Malin Kvarnung, Jennifer Gerdts, Sandy Trinh, Nele Cosemans, Laura Vives, Janice Lin, Tychele N Turner, Gijs Santen, Claudia Ruivenkamp, Marjolein Kriek, Arie van Haeringen, Emmelien Aten, Kathryn Friend, Jan Liebelt, Christopher Barnett, Eric Haan, Marie Shaw, Jozef Gecz, Britt-Marie Anderlid, Ann Nordgren, Anna Lindstrand, Charles Schwartz, R Frank Kooy, Geert Vandeweyer, Celine Helsmoortel, Corrado Romano, Antonino Alberti, Mirella Vinci, Emanuela Avola, Stefania Giusto, Eric Courchesne, Tiziano Pramparo, Karen Pierce, Srinivasa Nalabolu, David G Amaral, Ingrid E Scheffer, Martin B Delatycki, Paul J Lockhart, Fereydoun Hormozdiari, Benjamin Harich, Anna Castells-Nobau, Kun Xia, Hilde Peeters, Magnus Nordenskjöld, Annette Schenck, Raphael A Bernier, Evan E Eichler |
| Abstract |
Gene-disruptive mutations contribute to the biology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but most of the related pathogenic genes are not known. We sequenced 208 candidate genes from >11,730 cases and >2,867 controls. We identified 91 genes, including 38 new NDD genes, with an excess of de novo mutations or private disruptive mutations in 5.7% of cases. Drosophila functional assays revealed a subset with increased involvement in NDDs. We identified 25 genes showing a bias for autism versus intellectual disability and highlighted a network associated with high-functioning autism (full-scale IQ >100). Clinical follow-up for NAA15, KMT5B, and ASH1L highlighted new syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of disease. |
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X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 40 | 26% |
| United Kingdom | 16 | 11% |
| Ireland | 7 | 5% |
| Spain | 5 | 3% |
| Canada | 5 | 3% |
| Sweden | 5 | 3% |
| Italy | 2 | 1% |
| France | 2 | 1% |
| Mexico | 2 | 1% |
| Other | 9 | 6% |
| Unknown | 58 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 93 | 62% |
| Scientists | 44 | 29% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 9 | 6% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 5 | 3% |
Mendeley demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 3 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
| France | 2 | <1% |
| Italy | 1 | <1% |
| Canada | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 666 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 140 | 21% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 112 | 17% |
| Student > Master | 56 | 8% |
| Student > Bachelor | 39 | 6% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 32 | 5% |
| Other | 93 | 14% |
| Unknown | 203 | 30% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 140 | 21% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 110 | 16% |
| Neuroscience | 86 | 13% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 46 | 7% |
| Psychology | 16 | 2% |
| Other | 57 | 8% |
| Unknown | 220 | 33% |