Early adversity is commonly associated with alterations of amygdala circuitry and increased anxiety. While many theoretical and clinical accounts of early adversity suggest that it increases vigilance to threatening stimuli, the present study tested whether heightened anxiety and amygdala reactivity associated with early adversity enhanced goal-directed attention for threatening stimuli. Showing this association would provide support that these adversity-induced alterations are developmental adaptations of the individual.
34 children and adolescents who experienced early adversity in the form of previous institutionalization (PI) (26 female, mean age=13.49 years) and a comparison group of 33 children and adolescents who were reared by their biological parents since birth (16 female, mean age=13.40 years) underwent fMRI scanning while completing a visual search task that involved quickly locating a negative (fearful face) or positive target (happy face) in an array of neutral distractor stimuli (neutral faces).
Across both groups, individual differences in vigilant behavior were positively associated with amygdala responses for negative versus positive stimuli. However, a moderation analysis revealed that the degree to which amygdala responses were greater for negative versus positive stimuli was associated with greater anxiety symptomology for PI youth, but not comparison youth.
Together, these findings suggest that institutional care strengthens linkages between amygdala reactivity and anxiety, perhaps serving to enhance goal-directed attention. The findings are discussed as both adaptations as well as risk to the individual.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 15 November 2017.
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