Abnormal lipid profiles have been associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but studies with longitudinal measures of lipids throughout pregnancy are sparse. We aimed to characterize the longitudinal changes in lipid profiles throughout pregnancy and prospectively examine the associations of plasma lipid levels with risk of GDM.
This is a nested case-control study including 107 GDM cases and 214 matched non-GDM controls from participants in the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort. Blood samples were longitudinally collected at gestational weeks 10-14, 15-26 (fasting sample), 23-31 and 33-39. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured by enzymatic assays. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by the Friedewald's formula.
Plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C increased as pregnancy progressed. At gestational weeks 10-14, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of GDM comparing the highest versus lowest quartile were 3.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-7.15; P for trend = 0.002) for triglycerides and 0.44 (95% CI 0.18-1.09; P for trend = 0.045) for HDL-C. At gestational weeks 15-26, the corresponding ORs were 6.57 (95% CI 2.25-19.17; P for trend = 0.001) for triglycerides and 0.23 (95% CI 0.08-0.63; P for trend = 0.005) for HDL-C. We observed no significant associations for total cholesterol and LDL-C levels with risk of GDM.
Higher plasma triglyceride and lower HDL-C concentrations in early and mid-pregnancy were significantly associated with greater risk of GDM. Total cholesterol and LDL-C levels during pregnancy were not significantly associated with GDM risk.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 27 April 2017.
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