To measure the effect of external heating on bladder wall contractile function, histological structure and expression of proteins related to tissue protection and apoptosis.
In vitro preparations of bladder wall and ex vivo perfused pig bladders were heated from 37°C to 42, 46 and 50°C for 15 minutes. Isolated preparations were heated by radiant energy and perfused bladders by altering perfusate temperature. Spontaneous contractions or pressure variations were recorded, as well as responses to the muscarinic agonist carbachol or motor nerve excitation in vitro during heating. Tissue histology in control and after heating was analysed using H&E staining and DAPI nuclear labelling. The effects of heating on protein expression levels of i) heat shock proteins HSP27-pSer82 and inducible-HSP70 and ii) caspase-3 and its downstream DNA-repair substrate, PARP were measured.
Heating to 42°C reduced spontaneous contractions or pressure variations by about 70%, effects were fully reversible. There were no effects on carbachol or nerve-mediated responses. Tissue histology was unaffected by heating and expression of heat-shock proteins as well as caspase-3 and PARP were also unaltered. A TRPV1 antagonist had no effect on the reduction of spontaneous activity. Heating to 46°C had a similar effect on spontaneous activity and also reduced the carbachol contracture. Urothelial structure was damaged, caspase-3 levels were increased and inducible-HSP70 levels declined. At 50°C evoked contractions were abolished, the urothelium was absent and heat-shock proteins and PARP expression was reduced with raised caspase-3 expression.
Heating to 42°C caused a profound, reversible and reproducible attenuation of spontaneous activity with no tissue damage and no initiation of apoptosis pathways. Higher temperatures caused tissue damage and activation of apoptotic mechanisms. Mild heating offers a novel approach to reduce bladder spontaneous activity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
1
13%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
1
13%
Chemistry
1
13%
Engineering
1
13%
Unknown
4
50%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 13 June 2017.
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#28,677,544
of 34,457,357 outputs
Outputs from British Journal of Urology
#7,289
of 7,950 outputs
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#285,518
of 355,440 outputs
Outputs of similar age from British Journal of Urology
#54
of 62 outputs
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