The fish oil ingredient, docosahexaenoic acid, activates cytosolic phospholipase A2 via GPR120 receptor to produce prostaglandin E2 and plays an anti‐inflammatory role in macrophages
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the major ingredients of fish oil and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties mediated through the GPR120 receptor. Whether cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ) and lipid mediators produced from cPLA2 activation are involved in the anti-inflammatory role of DHA in macrophages has not been reported. We report here that DHA and the GPR120 agonist, GW9508, activate cPLA2 , cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and cause prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in a murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages. DHA and GW9508 activate cPLA2 via GPR120 receptor, G protein Galphaq and scaffold protein β-arrestin 2. ERK1/2 activation is involved in DHA- and GW9508-induced cPLA2 activation, but not p38 MAPK. The anti-inflammatory role of DHA and GW9508 is in part via activation of cPLA2, COX-2 and production of PGE2 as a cPLA2 inhibitor or a COX-2 inhibitor partially reverses the DHA- and GW9508-induced inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 secretion. The cPLA2 product, arachidonic acid (AA) and PGE2 also plays anti-inflammatory role. This effect of PGE2 is partially through inhibition of the NFkB signaling pathway and via the EP4 receptor of PGE2 as an EP4 inhibitor or knock down of EP4 partially reverses DHA inhibition of LPS induced IL-6 secretion. Thus, DHA has an anti-inflammatory effect partially through induction of PGE2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
7
7%
Immunology and Microbiology
7
7%
Other
12
13%
Unknown
22
23%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 8. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 29 January 2023.
All research outputs
#6,180,846
of 34,746,409 outputs
Outputs from Immunology
#906
of 4,373 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#48,431
of 272,232 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Immunology
#4
of 26 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 34,746,409 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 81st percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 4,373 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.5. This one has done well, scoring higher than 78% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 272,232 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 81% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 26 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 84% of its contemporaries.
