Quantitatively Profiling the Dissolution and Redistribution of Silver Nanoparticles in Living Rats Using a Knotted Reactor-Based Differentiation Scheme
Whether silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) degrade and release silver ions (Ag(+)) in vivo has remained an unresolved issue. To evaluate the biodistribution and dissolution behavior of intravenously administered AgNPs in living rats, we employed a knotted reactor (KR) device to construct a differentiation scheme for quantitative assessment of residual AgNPs and their released Ag(+) ions in complicated animal tissues; to do so, we adjusted the operating parameters of the KR, namely, the presence/absence of a rinse solution and the sample acidity. After optimization, our proposed differentiation system was confirmed to be tolerant to rat tissue and organ matrix and provide superior reliability of differentiating AgNPs/Ag(+) than the conventional centrifugal filtration method. We then applied this differentiation strategy to investigate the biodistribution and dissolution of AgNPs in rats 1, 3, and 5 days postadministration, and it was found that the administered AgNPs accumulated predominantly in the liver and spleen, then dissolved and released Ag(+) ions that were gradually excreted, resulting in almost all of the Ag(+) ions becoming deposited in the kidney, lung, and brain. Histopathological data also indicated that toxic responses were specifically located in the AgNP-rich liver, not in the Ag(+)-dominated tissues and organs. Thus, the full-scale chemical fate of AgNPs in vivo should be integrated into future assessments of the environmental health effects and utilization of AgNP-containing products.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
2
6%
Engineering
2
6%
Other
2
6%
Unknown
12
39%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 06 August 2014.
All research outputs
#15,303,385
of 22,759,618 outputs
Outputs from Analytical Chemistry
#20,001
of 26,417 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#132,209
of 228,677 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Analytical Chemistry
#197
of 382 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,759,618 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 22nd percentile – i.e., 22% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 26,417 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.7. This one is in the 18th percentile – i.e., 18% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 228,677 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 32nd percentile – i.e., 32% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 382 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 40th percentile – i.e., 40% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
