| Title |
The Enigma of the Tinnitus‐Free Dream State in a Bayesian World
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Neural Plasticity, July 2014
|
| DOI | 10.1155/2014/612147 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors | |
| Abstract |
There are pathophysiological, clinical, and treatment analogies between phantom limb pain and phantom sound (i.e., tinnitus). Phantom limb pain commonly is absent in dreams, and the question arises whether this is also the case for tinnitus. A questionnaire was given to 78 consecutive tinnitus patients seen at a specialized tinnitus clinic. Seventy-six patients remembered their dreams and of these 74 claim not to perceive tinnitus during their dreams (97%). This can be most easily explained by a predictive Bayesian brain model. That is, during the awake state the brain constantly makes predictions about the environment. Tinnitus is hypothesized to be the result of a prediction error due to deafferentation, and missing input is filled in by the brain. The heuristic explanation then is that in the dream state there is no interaction with the environment and therefore no updating of the prediction error, resulting in the absence of tinnitus. |
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X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 4 | 17% |
| United Kingdom | 3 | 13% |
| Japan | 2 | 9% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 4% |
| Sweden | 1 | 4% |
| Uruguay | 1 | 4% |
| Portugal | 1 | 4% |
| New Zealand | 1 | 4% |
| Unknown | 9 | 39% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 20 | 87% |
| Scientists | 3 | 13% |
Mendeley demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Russia | 1 | 2% |
| Japan | 1 | 2% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 39 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 19% |
| Student > Bachelor | 6 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 5 | 12% |
| Researcher | 5 | 12% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 10% |
| Other | 5 | 12% |
| Unknown | 9 | 21% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 26% |
| Neuroscience | 8 | 19% |
| Psychology | 5 | 12% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 10% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 5% |
| Other | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 11 | 26% |