Context : Cooling the body before exercise (precooling) has been studied as an ergogenic aid for many thermal conditions; however, airflow accompanying exercise is seldom reported. Objective : To determine whether the physiologic and ergogenic benefits of precooling before endurance exercise may be negated with semirealistic airflow in hot conditions. Design : Crossover study. Setting : Climate-controlled chamber in a research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants : Ten fit, healthy cyclists. Intervention(s) : After a familiarization trial, participants completed 4 randomized, counterbalanced sessions consisted of no precooling versus precooling and no fan airflow versus airflow (∼4.8 m/s) during exercise. Precooling was via chest-deep immersion (∼24°C) for 1 hour or until core temperature dropped 0.5°C. Participants then cycled at 95% ventilatory threshold in a hot environment (temperature = 30°C, relative humidity = 50%) until volitional exhaustion, core temperature reached >39.5°C, or heart rate reached >95% of maximum. Main Outcome Measure(s) : Thermal strain was assessed via core temperature (esophageal and rectal thermistors) and mean skin temperature (thermistors at 10 sites) and cardiovascular strain via heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion. Results : Endurance time (28 ± 12 minutes without precooling or airflow) increased by 30 ± 23 minutes with airflow (∼109%; 95% confidence interval = 12, -45 minutes; P < .001) and by 16 ± 15 minutes with precooling (∼61%; 95% confidence interval = 4, -25 minutes; P = .013), but it was not further extended when the strategies were combined (29 ± 21 minutes longer than control). During cycling without precooling or airflow, mean core and skin temperatures were higher than in all other trials. Precooling reduced heart rate by 7-11 beats·min(-1) during the first 5 minutes of exercise, but this attenuation ended by 15 minutes. Conclusions : Most laboratory-based precooling studies have (inadvertently) overestimated the extent of the physiologic and ergogenic benefits for typical athlete-endurance situations. Precooling increases work capacity effectively when airflow is restricted but may have little or no benefit when airflow is present.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 11. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 25 January 2022.
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#4,022,570
of 30,296,742 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Athletic Training
#867
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Outputs of similar age
#34,636
of 257,511 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Athletic Training
#7
of 23 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 30,296,742 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 86th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,325 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 22.0. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 62% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 257,511 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 86% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 23 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 69% of its contemporaries.
