The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) conceived as a coordinated hormonal cascade plays an important role in controlling multiple functions in many organs and is much more complex than previously thought. The RAS has continued to expand, with the identification of new components, functions and subsystems. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its novel homolog angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are two key enzymes involved in the synthesis of bioactive components of the RAS. The main active peptides of the RAS include angiotensin II (Ang II), Ang III, Ang IV, and angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] among Ang II and Ang-(1-7) are much more important in health and disease. The axis formed by ACE2 represents an endogenous counter-regulatory pathway within the RAS, and its actions are opposite to those of the ACE axis. Conventionally the RAS has been considered to be important in the cardiovascular system, metabolism, cell growth and homeostasis. In recent years, a key role of ACE and ACE2 and their peptides has been recognized in the inflammatory process in conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, glomerulonephritis, lung injury, sepsis, and acute pancreatitis. Investigations are ongoing to better understand the role of the RAS in inflammation. A comprehensive understanding of the RAS components in inflammation can provide new possibilities for therapeutic approaches against inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the subject, based on recent findings, on the role of ACE and ACE2 in inflammation.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
7
5%
Immunology and Microbiology
7
5%
Other
15
11%
Unknown
49
35%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 18 June 2023.
All research outputs
#22,316,242
of 34,365,356 outputs
Outputs from Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets
#133
of 169 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#245,282
of 373,079 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets
#12
of 19 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 34,365,356 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 33rd percentile – i.e., 33% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 169 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 12.3. This one is in the 20th percentile – i.e., 20% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 19 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 31st percentile – i.e., 31% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
