| Title |
The role of the CCL22-CCR4 axis in the metastasis of gastric cancer cells into omental milky spots
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Journal of Translational Medicine, September 2014
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s12967-014-0267-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Liang Cao, Xiang Hu, Jian Zhang, Gang Huang, Yi Zhang |
| Abstract |
BackgroundThe omentum is one of the initial sites for peritoneal metastasis because it possesses milky spots that provide a microenvironment for cancer cells to readily migrate and grow into micrometastases. This study investigated the role of the CCL22-CCR4 axis in gastric cancer cells selectively infiltrating into milky spots.MethodsGastric cancer MFC cells labelled with DiI were injected intraperitoneally into strain 615 mice. The mice were euthanised at specified intervals and the omentum was excised for immunohistochemistry. The effects of CCL22 on the proliferation and migration of MFCs were assessed by MTT and trans-well assays. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis detected CCR4 mRNA and protein expression levels in MFCs. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse CCL22 and CCR4 expression in the milky spot micrometastases.ResultsTwo weeks after intraperitoneal injection, the milky spot areas were completely occupied by proliferating gastric cancer cells and cell cluster-type micrometastases were observed. In contrast, cancer cells formed single cell-type micrometastases in the non-milky spot areas. MFCs expressed CCR4, which was localised on the cell surface and or in the cytoplasm. Different concentrations of CCL22 significantly increased the proliferation ability of MFCs. Additionally, concentrations of CCL22 between 10¿100 ng/ml significantly increased the migration of MFCs. Within omental milky spots, CCL22 was localised mainly on the cell surface and or in the cytoplasm. Within sections of omental milky spot micrometastases, CCR4 was recognised on or in gastric cancer cells, constituent cells milky spots, blood cells and blood endothelial cells.ConclusionsOmental milky spots are a congenial microenvironment for peritoneal free gastric cancer cells to migrate, survive, and establish cell cluster-type metastases. The CCL22-CCR4 axis contributes to this selective infiltration process. |
X Demographics
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 32 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Japan | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 31 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 9 | 28% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 16% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 2 | 6% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 5 | 16% |
| Unknown | 5 | 16% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 25% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 19% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 19% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 6% |
| Chemical Engineering | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 2 | 6% |
| Unknown | 7 | 22% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 8. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 28 February 2019.
All research outputs
#3,932,652
of 22,764,165 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Translational Medicine
#633
of 3,980 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#43,559
of 252,171 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Translational Medicine
#13
of 84 outputs
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We're also able to compare this research output to 84 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 84% of its contemporaries.