Infection in humans with Leishmania manifests into a spectrum of diseases. The manifestations of the disease depend on the resultant evasion of the parasite to immune responses namely macrophages, which is an exclusive host of leishmania. The B cells valiantly mount antibody responses, however to no avail as the Leishmania parasites occupy the intracellular niches of the macrophages. Extensive studies have been documented on the role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in protection and counter survival strategies of the parasites leading to down-regulation of CMI. The present review attempts to discuss the cytokines in progression or resolution of visceral form of leishmaniasis or kala-azar, predominantly affecting the Indian subcontinent. The components/cytokine(s) responsible for the regulation of the critical balance of Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Treg cells has been discussed in the perspective. Therefore, any strategy involving the treatment of VL needs to consider the balance and regulation of CD4+ T cell function.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 October 2017.
All research outputs
#24,893,673
of 34,518,599 outputs
Outputs from Clinical Laboratory
#436
of 1,174 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#321,089
of 463,434 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Clinical Laboratory
#25
of 72 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 34,518,599 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 19th percentile – i.e., 19% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,174 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 2.6. This one is in the 49th percentile – i.e., 49% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 463,434 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 23rd percentile – i.e., 23% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 72 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 59% of its contemporaries.
