The delivery of therapeutic peptides for diabetes therapy is compromised by short half-lives of drugs with the consequent need for multiple daily injections that reduce patient compliance and increase treatment cost. In this study, we demonstrate a smart exendin-4 (Ex4) delivery device based on microneedle (MN)-array patches integrated with dual mineralized particles separately containing Ex4 and glucose oxidase (GOx). The dual mineralized particle-based system can specifically release Ex4 while immobilizing GOx as a result of the differential response to the microenvironment induced by biological stimuli. In this manner, the system enables glucose-responsive and closed-loop release to significantly improve Ex4 therapeutic performance. Moreover, integration of mineralized particles can enhance the mechanical strength of alginate-based MN by crosslinking to facilitate skin penetration, thus supporting painless and non-invasive transdermal administration. We believe this smart glucose-responsive Ex4 delivery holds great promise for type 2 diabetes therapy by providing safe, long-term, and on-demand Ex4 therapy.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
33
17%
Engineering
19
10%
Medicine and Dentistry
16
8%
Materials Science
11
6%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
9
5%
Other
30
15%
Unknown
78
40%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 214. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 26 September 2025.
All research outputs
#223,225
of 32,950,213 outputs
Outputs from Nature Communications
#3,145
of 79,948 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#3,914
of 478,801 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Nature Communications
#61
of 1,495 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 32,950,213 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 79,948 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 49.7. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 96% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 1,495 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 95% of its contemporaries.
