Title |
Determination of antibiotics in sewage from hospitals, nursery and slaughter house, wastewater treatment plant and source water in Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir in China
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Published in |
Environmental Pollution, January 2010
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DOI | 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.034 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Xiaosong Chang, Michael T. Meyer, Xiaoyun Liu, Qing Zhao, Hao Chen, Ji-an Chen, Zhiqun Qiu, Lan Yang, Jia Cao, Weiqun Shu |
Abstract |
Sewage samples from 4 hospitals, 1 nursery, 1 slaughter house, 1 wastewater treatment plant and 5 source water samples of Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir were analyzed for macrolide, lincosamide, trimethoprim, fluorouinolone, sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics by online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that the concentration of ofloxacin (OFX) in hospital was the highest among all water environments ranged from 1.660 microg/L to 4.240 microg/L and norfloxacin (NOR, 0.136-1.620 microg/L), ciproflaxacin (CIP, ranged from 0.011 microg/L to 0.136 microg/L), trimethoprim (TMP, 0.061-0.174 microg/L) were commonly detected. Removal range of antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plant was 18-100% and the removal ratio of tylosin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were 100%. Relatively higher removal efficiencies were observed for tylosin (TYL), oxytetracycline (OXY) and tetracycline (TET)(100%), while lower removal efficiencies were observed for Trimethoprim (TMP, 1%), Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline (EICIC, 18%) and Erythromycin-H(2)O (ERY-H(2)O, 24%). Antibiotics were removed more efficiently in primary treatment compared with those in secondary treatment. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Estonia | 2 | <1% |
Malaysia | 2 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Ghana | 1 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 321 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 54 | 16% |
Student > Master | 53 | 16% |
Researcher | 31 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 30 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 19 | 6% |
Other | 54 | 16% |
Unknown | 91 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 80 | 24% |
Chemistry | 34 | 10% |
Engineering | 32 | 10% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 25 | 8% |
Chemical Engineering | 11 | 3% |
Other | 36 | 11% |
Unknown | 114 | 34% |