The power push-up (PPU) test is an explosive upper-body test performed on a force plate and is currently being used in high school football combines throughout the U.S. The purpose of this study was to quantify the reliability of the PPU test based on age and starting position (knees vs. toes) in young athletes. Sixty-eight boys (mean ± standard deviation (SD); age = 10.8 ± 2.0 years) were tested twice over 5 days. Boys were separated by age as 6-9-years (n = 16), 10-11-years (n = 26), and 12-15-years (n = 26). The PPU test was performed on a force plate while rotating from the knees versus the toes. Measurements were peak force (PF, N), peak rate of force development (pRFD, N·s), average power (AP, W), and peak power (PP, W). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1), standard errors of measurement (SEM), coefficients of variation (CV), and minimum detectable changes (MDC) were calculated to quantify reliability and sensitivity. PF from the knees in 10-15-year olds, PF from the toes in 12-15-year olds, and pRFD from the knees and toes in 12-15-year olds were comparably reliable (ICC ≥ 0.84). Neither power measurements (AP or PP) for any age group, nor any measurements (PF, pRFD, AP, or PP) for the 6-9-year olds were comparably reliable (ICC ≤ 0.74). When considering the reliable variables, PF was greater in the 12-15-year olds than 10-11-year olds (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, in 12-15-year olds, PF and pRFD were greater from the knees than from the toes (p ≤ 0.05). For reasons largely attributable to growth and development, the PPU test may be a reliable (ICC ≥ 0.80) and sensitive (CV ≤ 19%) measure of upper-body strength (PF), while pRFD was also reliable (ICC ≥ 0.80), but less sensitive (CV = 30-38%) in 10-15-year old male athletes.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 07 January 2018.
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#175,151
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Outputs of similar age from Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research
#62
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Altmetric has tracked 34,517,289 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 65th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 7,446 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 21.2. This one is in the 38th percentile – i.e., 38% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 95 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 34th percentile – i.e., 34% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
