Title |
Annual variation in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings at Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) study sites
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Published in |
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, March 2018
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DOI | 10.1007/s10661-018-6617-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Custer, Paul M. Dummer, Diana Goldberg, J. Christian Franson |
Abstract |
Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings were collected from 16 sites across the Great Lakes to quantify normal annual variation in total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and to validate the sample size choice in earlier work. A sample size of five eggs or five nestlings per site was adequate to quantify exposure to PCBs in tree swallows given the current exposure levels and variation. There was no difference in PCB exposure in two randomly selected sets of five eggs collected in the same year, but analyzed in different years. Additionally, there was only modest annual variation in exposure, with between 69% (nestlings) and 73% (eggs) of sites having no differences between years. There was a tendency, both statistically and qualitatively, for there to be less exposure in the second year compared to the first year. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 20% |
United States | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 3 | 60% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 5 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 9 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Master | 2 | 22% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 1 | 11% |
Other | 1 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 4 | 44% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 22% |
Environmental Science | 2 | 22% |
Arts and Humanities | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 4 | 44% |