Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) binding sites have been identified in the human thymus, but the receptor subtype and how these receptors are distributed in the human thymus subsets is unknown. To assess gene expression, distribution, and receptor regulation of the two G-protein-associated VIP receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2 mRNAs were quantified using a novel fluorometric-based kinetic (real-time) RT-PCR. Bulk and fractionated thymocytes were stimulated via the TCR/CD3 receptor complex and anti-CD28. Our results demonstrate that thymocytes express higher levels of VPAC2 compared to VPAC1 expression in bulk thymocytes, CD4+CD8+ selected double positives (DP), and CD8 depleted thymocytes. Double negative cells express low levels of VPAC2 mRNA. We demonstrate T-cell activation-dependent down-regulation of VPAC1, but not VPAC2, in human thymocytes. This study reports the first direct evidence of a differential distribution and selective regulation of VPAC1 and VPAC2 gene expression in normal human thymocyte subsets.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
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25%
Immunology and Microbiology
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25%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 December 2018.
All research outputs
#7,454,066
of 22,788,370 outputs
Outputs from Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
#3,922
of 11,502 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#40,635
of 154,688 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
#326
of 1,011 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,788,370 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 44th percentile – i.e., 44% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 11,502 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.6. This one is in the 16th percentile – i.e., 16% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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