Silver nanomaterials are widely used in clinically approved devices, consumer goods, and over-the-counter nutraceutical products. Despite the increase in silver nanomaterial research, few investigations have specifically distinguished the biological effects resulting from silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) versus silver ions released from AgNPs. This is in part, due to the complex analytical methods required to characterize silver ion release from AgNPs in biological media. This study sought to analyze silver ion release from AgNPs in biological media, compare silver transport from soluble AgNO3 and AgNPs through ex vivo full thickness sinus human tissue explants and human nasal epithelium and determine fractional AgNP internalization by human nasal epithelial cells. Rapid silver ion release is observed from AgNPs in human nasal epithelial cell medium over 3 h (9.6% of total silver mass). Significantly lower translocation of AgNPs is observed through human nasal epithelial cell monolayers and ex vivo human sinus tissue explants compared to silver ion (AgNO3). AgNP internalization is directly observed in AgNP-exposed human nasal epithelial cell monolayers by live cell scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), providing one potential mechanism for AgNP transcytosis. However, in vitro AgNP dissolution experiments suggest that silver in human nasal epithelium is primarily silver ion. Ionic AgNO3 produces significantly higher silver translocation, supporting previous results claiming silver ion as primarily responsible for biological effects of AgNPs.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
2
7%
Immunology and Microbiology
2
7%
Engineering
2
7%
Other
3
10%
Unknown
13
45%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 09 July 2018.
All research outputs
#9,126,904
of 27,788,803 outputs
Outputs from Biomaterials
#4,900
of 11,122 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#134,747
of 346,171 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Biomaterials
#70
of 158 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 27,788,803 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 67th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 11,122 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.0. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 55% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 346,171 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 60% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 158 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 55% of its contemporaries.
