Increasing the frequency of protein consumption is recommended to stimulate muscle hypertrophy with resistance exercise. This study manipulated dietary protein distribution to assess the effect on gains in lean mass during a rugby preseason.
24 developing elite rugby athletes (age 20.1 ± 1.4 yr, mass 101.6 ± 12.0 kg) were instructed to consume high biological value (HBV) protein at their main meals and immediately after resistance exercise while limiting protein intake between meals.
To manipulate protein intake frequency, the athletes consumed 3 HBV liquid protein supplements (22 g protein) either with main meals (bolus condition) or between meals (frequent condition) for 6 weeks in a 2 x 2 crossover design. Dietary intake and change in lean mass values were compared between conditions by ANCOVA and correlational analysis.
The dietary manipulation successfully altered the protein distribution score (average number of eating occasions containing > 20 g of protein) to 4.0 ± 0.8 and 5.9 ± 0.7 (P < 0.01) for the bolus and frequent conditions respectively. There was no difference in gains in lean mass between conditions: bolus (1.4 ± 1.5 kg) and frequent (1.5 ± 1.4 kg) P = 0.91.
There was no clear effect of increasing protein distribution from approximately 4 to 6 eating occasions on changes in lean mass during a rugby preseason. However other dietary factors may have augmented adaptation.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 67. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 30 August 2025.
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#3
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