The B7/CD28:CTLA-4 costimulatory pathway plays a critical role in determining the fate of immune responses (activation vs. down-regulation) and is a highly promising therapeutic target for treating autoimmune diseases. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms by which this costimulatory pathway operates emphasizing the role of the different components in the pathogenesis of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a CD4 T cell-mediated autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. The separate and distinct roles of B7-1, B7-2 and CTLA-4 in positive and negative regulation of autoimmune pathogenesis are considered and a working model is proposed.
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
2
7%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
2
7%
Other
2
7%
Unknown
6
21%
Attention Score in Context
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 9. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 30 July 2025.
All research outputs
#5,046,170
of 34,054,827 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Neuroimmunology
#397
of 3,797 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#5,146
of 45,628 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Neuroimmunology
#4
of 41 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 34,054,827 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 83rd percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,797 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.1. This one has done well, scoring higher than 85% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 45,628 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 81% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 41 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 80% of its contemporaries.
