Anxiety is a common co-morbidity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) that is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. We evaluated three anxiety screening questionnaires, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A), and the Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory Disease (AIR).
Evaluate and compare thet test performance characteristics of 3 anxiety screening questionnaires using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) version 7.0 as the gold standard.
Individuals with COPD were recruited at 16 centers. The MINI interview and questionnaires were administered by trained research coordinators at an in-person visit and re-administered by telephone 2 to 4 weeks later. A composite score for the presence of any DSM-V anxiety disorder was computed based on the MINI as the gold standard compared to a participant screening positive on self report measures for these analyses.
220 eligible individuals with COPD were enrolled; 219 completed the study. 11% were identified as having a DSM-V anxiety disorder based upon the MINI. Elevated anxiety symptoms based on questionnaires were 38% for the AIR, 30% for the GAD-7, and 20% for the HADS-A. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was highest for the GAD-7 (0.78, 95%CI 0.69-0.87), followed by the HADS-A (0.74, 95%CI 0.64-0.84) and the AIR (0.66, 95%CI 0.56-0.76). AUC for the GAD-7 was significantly greater than for the AIR (P=0.014). Sensitivity was not statistically different among the questionnaires: 77% for the GAD-7; 63% for the HADS-A; and 66% for the AIR. The HADS-A had the highest specificity, 85%, which was significantly higher than the GAD-7 (77%, P<0.001) and the AIR (65%, P<0.001); the GAD-7 specificity was higher than the AIR (P<0.001).
Symptoms of anxiety among COPD patients as identified by screening questionnaires were common and significantly higher than the prevalence of anxiety disorder meeting by DSM-V criteria. The GAD-7, the HADS and the AIR questionnaires had fair to moderate psychometric properties as screening tools for anxiety in individuals with COPD, indicating the need for improved measures for this patient population.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 14. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 26 August 2018.
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