To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS)-a potential phenotypical risk for pulmonary hypertension (PH)-in patients with PH and by PH diagnostic group including group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); group 1.1 idiopathic PAH, groups 1.2 heritable PAH, 1.3 drug and toxin induced, 1.4 associated PAH, group 2 PH with left heart disease, group 3 PH associated with lung disease and/or hypoxemia, group 4 PH owing to chronic thrombotic and/or embolic disease, and group 5 PH from multifactorial mechanisms.
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients referred to Mayo Clinic in Florida from January 1990 to October 2013 (N=1287). Only patients whom PH was confirmed by right heart catheterization were included (N=640). MetS was defined with at least three of the following: systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and body mass index>30.
MetS was prevalent in 247 of 640 (39%) with PH: 13% in group 1.1 PAH, 12% in groups 1.2-1.4 PAH, 54% in group 2, 55% in group 3, 23% in group 4, and 24% in group 5. After adjusting for age, sex, and race, diagnostic subgroup analysis revealed a higher prevalence of MetS in WHO Group 2 PH patients (adjusted OR: 2.58, P<0.0001) and WHO group 3 PH (adjusted OR: 2.77, P<0.0001) when compared to group 1 PH.
The prevalence of MetS was observed in 39% of patients with PH; however, among PH patients, the prevalence was higher in group 2 and 3 PH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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