Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) plays an important role in allograft dysfunction. Acute lung injury (ALI), endotheliitis, capillary inflammation and C4d positivity have been described as morphological features conventionally associated with lung AMR. A multidisciplinary, international task force reviewed AMR cases in the context of four face-to-face meetings. Septal widening was a frequent, striking histological feature recognized firstly and easily at low-power magnification. This study aimed to evaluate whether septal widening could represent an "alert" signal for AMR.
Following the face-to-face meetings that enabled the classification of cases as AMR or non-AMR, morphometry was performed on biopsies from 48 recipients with definite, probable and possible AMR, 31 controls (negative for any post-transplant injury) and 10 patients with non-immune related ALI.
Mean alveolar septal thickness was greater in AMR patients than in controls (p<0.0001). Septal thickness was not significantly different between AMR-ALI and non-AMR-ALI. Unexpectedly septal widening was the only histological change detected in some cases with probable or possible AMR that lacked the histological lesions conventionally associated with AMR. The thickness in these cases was similar to that observed in AMR cases with more severe histological injury such as ALI or neutrophilic capillaritis.
Our data suggest that, even if unspecific as the other lesions conventionally associated with AMR, septal widening may represent an "alert" signal to look into lung AMR. A larger prospective study is mandatory to confirm the potential value of septal widening in the multidisciplinary approach of AMR.
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 June 2020.
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