Eyeblink conditioning (EBC) was used in the current study to examine the mechanisms underlying the ontogeny of associative motor learning in rats. Eyeblink conditioning emerges ontogenetically between postnatal day 17 (P17) and P24 in rats. Previous studies used electrical stimulation to show that the ontogeny of EBC is influenced by developmental changes in input from the medial auditory thalamus to the pontine nuclei, which in turn affects input to the cerebellum. The current study used tetrode recordings to examine the ontogeny of medial auditory thalamic sensory responses to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and learning-related activity during EBC. Rat pups were implanted with multiple tetrodes in the medial nucleus of the medial geniculate (MGm) and suprageniculate (SG) and trained on delay EBC on P17-P19, P24-P26, or P31-P33 while recording spike activity. Developmental changes in MGm and SG sensory-related activity were found during a pretraining session with unpaired presentations of the auditory CS and periorbital stimulation unconditioned stimulus (US). Substantial developmental changes were observed in learning-related activity in the MGm and SG during CS-US paired training. The ontogenetic changes in learning-related activity may be related to developmental changes in input to the medial auditory thalamus from the amygdala and cerebellum. The findings suggest that the ontogeny of associative motor learning involves developmental changes in sensory input to the thalamus, amygdala input to the thalamus, thalamic input to the pontine nuclei, and cerebellar feedback to the thalamus.
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