GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators, Haidong Wang, Kaja M Abbas, Mitra Abbasifard, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Hassan Abolhassani, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R M Abrigo, Abdelrahman I Abushouk, Maryam Adabi, Tim Adair, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Victor Adekanmbi, Abiodun Moshood Adeoye, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Shailesh M Advani, Ashkan Afshin, Mohammad Aghaali, Anurag Agrawal, Keivan Ahmadi, Hamid Ahmadieh, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Tahiya Alam, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Muhammad Ali, Gianfranco Alicandro, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Cyrus Alinia, Vahid Alipour, Hesam Alizade, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Peter Allebeck, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almadi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Arwa Khalid Alumran, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Arya Aminorroaya, Arianna Maever L Amit, Robert Ancuceanu, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Sofia Androudi, Colin Angus, Mina Anjomshoa, Fereshteh Ansari, Iman Ansari, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Catherine M Antony, Davood Anvari, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Olatunde Aremu, Johan Ärnlöv, Krishna K Aryal, Ali A Asadi-Pooya, Samaneh Asgari, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Madhu Sudhan Atteraya, Marcel Ausloos, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur Avokpaho, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Ghasem Azarian, Ebrahim Babaee, Ashish D Badiye, Eleni Bagli, Mohammad Amin Bahrami, Ahad Bakhtiari, Shelly Balassyano, Maciej Banach, Palash Chandra Banik, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Akbar Barzegar, Sanjay Basu, Bernhard T Baune, Mohsen Bayati, Gholamreza Bazmandegan, Neeraj Bedi, Michellr L Bell, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Adam E Berman, Gregory J Bertolacci, Reshmi Bhageerathy, Neeraj Bhala, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Antonio Biondi, Donal Bisanzio, Catherine Bisignano, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Tone Bjørge, Somayeh Bohlouli, Mehdi Bohluli, Srinivasa Rao Rao Bolla, Antonio Maria Borzì, Shiva Borzouei, Oliver J Brady, Dejana Braithwaite, Michael Brauer, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Blair R Bumgarner, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Tianji Cai, Charlton SKH Callender, Luis LA Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Rosario Cárdenas, Giulia Carreras, Juan J Carrero, Felix Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Giulio Castelpietra, Franz Castro, Ferrán Catalá-López, Christopher R Cederroth, Ester Cerin, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Ken Lee Chin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Haley Comfort, Vera Marisa Costa, Richard G Cowden, Elizabeth A Cromwell, Andrew J Croneberger, Matthew Cunningham, Saad M A Dahlawi, Giovanni Damiani, Emanuele D'Amico, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Paul I Dargan, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Ahmad Daryani, Rajat Das Gupta, José das Neves, Kairat Davletov, Diego De Leo, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Nikolaos Dervenis, Rupak Desai, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Ilse N Dippenaar, Shirin Djalalinia, Hoa Thi, Klara Dokova, David Teye Doku, Fariba Dorostkar, Chirag P Doshi, Leila Doshmangir, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, David Edvardsson, Andem Effiong, Iman El Sayed, Maha El Tantawi, Iffat Elbarazi, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Firooz Esmaeilzadeh, Kara Estep, Mohammad Farahmand, Anwar Faraj, Mohammad Fareed, Roghiyeh Faridnia, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Nazir Fattahi, Ali Akbar Fazaeli, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L Feigin, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Manuela L Ferreira, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Carsten Flohr, Nataliya A Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Marisa Freitas, Takeshi Fukumoto, John E Fuller, João M Furtado, Mohamed M Gad, Emmanuela Gakidou, Silvano Gallus, Abiyu Mekonnen Gebrehiwot, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Peter W Gething, Farhad Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Asadollah Gholamian, Syed Amir Gilani, Mojgan Gitimoghaddam, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Alessandra C Goulart, Harish Chander Gugnani, Yuming Guo, Rajeev Gupta, Subodh Sharan Gupta, Juanita A Haagsma, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Iman Halvaei, Randah R Hamadeh, Kanaan Hamagharib Abdullah, Chieh Han, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Graeme J Hankey, Hamidreza Haririan, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Simon I Hay, Behzad Heibati, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Kiana Henny, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Michael K Hole, Praveen Hoogar, H Dean Hosgood, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Damian G Hoy, Guoqing Hu, Tanvir M Huda, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Kevin S Ikuta, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, MdMohaimenul Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Jalil Jaafari, Kathryn H Jacobsen, Deepa Jahagirdar, Nader Jahanmehr, Amir Jalali, Farzad Jalilian, Spencer L James, Hosna Janjani, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S Ji, Jost B Jonas, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Zubair Kabir, Hamed Kalani, Leila R Kalankesh, Zahra Kamiab, Tanuj Kanchan, Neeti Kapoor, André Karch, Salah Eddin Karimi, Seyed Asaad Karimi, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Norito Kawakami, Gbenga A Kayode, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Cathleen Keller, Yousef Saleh Khader, Nauman Khalid, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Maseer Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Amir M Khater, Mona M Khater, Salman Khazaei, Habibolah Khazaie, Mohammad Taghi Khodayari, Jagdish Khubchandani, Neda Kianipour, Cho-il Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Yohannes Kinfu, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Mika Kivimäki, Hamidreza Komaki, Jacek A Kopec, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Michael A Kravchenko, Kewal Krishan, Kris J Krohn, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Faris Hasan Lami, Sonia Lansky, Samantha Leigh Larson, Anders O Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Zohra S Lassi, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Paul H Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Andrew T Leever, Kate E LeGrand, Matilde Leonardi, Shanshan Li, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lim, Shai Linn, Rakesh Lodha, Giancarlo Logroscino, Alan D Lopez, Platon D Lopukhov, Paulo A Lotufo, Rafael Lozano, Alton Lu, Raimundas Lunevicius, Mohammed Madadin, Emilie R Maddison, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Mokhtar Mahdavi Mahdavi, Reza Malekzadeh, Abdullah A Mamun, Navid Manafi, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Anthony Masaka, Claudia I Mastrogiacomo, Manu Raj Mathur, Erin A May, Colm McAlinden, John J McGrath, Martin McKee, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Fereshteh Mehri, Kala M Mehta, Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei, Peter T N Memiah, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, George A Mensah, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Irmina Maria Michalek, Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie, Ted R Miller, Edward J Mills, George J Milne, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Hamed Mirzaei, Maryam Mirzaei, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Awoke Temesgen Misganaw, Babak Moazen, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Efat Mohamadi, Dara K Mohammad, Yousef Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Hussen Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Mohammad A Mohseni Bandpei, Amin Mokari, Ali H Mokdad, Natalie C Momen, Lorenzo Monasta, Meghan D Mooney, Ghobad Moradi, Masoud Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Paula Moraga, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Joana Morgado-da-Costa, Shane Douglas Morrison, Jonathan F Mosser, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Kamarul Imran Musa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Behnam Nabavizadeh, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Behshad Naghshtabrizi, Gurudatta Naik, Farid Najafi, Vinay Nangia, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Yeshambel T Nigatu, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Amin Reza Nikpoor, Molly R Nixon, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Shuhei Nomura, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Soraya Nouraei Motlagh, Christoph Nowak, Adrian Oţoiu, Christopher M Odell, In-Hwan Oh, Morteza Oladnabi, Andrew T Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Kanyin L Ong, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Alberto Ortiz, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Simon Øverland, Mayowa O Owolabi, P A Mahesh, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, James Park, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Jenil R Patel, Sangram Kishor Patel, George C Patton, Katherine R Paulson, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Spencer A Pease, Amy E Peden, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Emmanuel K Peprah, Alexandre Pereira, David M Pereira, Norberto Perico, David M Pigott, Thomas Pilgrim, Tessa M Pilz, Michael A Piradov, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Maarten J Postma, Hadi Pourjafar, Farshad Pourmalek, Akram Pourshams, Anna Poznańska, Sergio I Prada, Sanjay Prakash, Liliana Preotescu, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Alberto Raggi, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Pradhum Ram, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sowmya J Rao, Davide Rasella, Vahid Rashedi, Prateek Rastogi, Priya Rathi, Lal Rawal, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M N Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Nima Rezaei, Mohammad sadegh Rezai, Aziz Rezapour, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Morteza Rostamian, Enrico Rubagotti, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Ehsan Sadeghi, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Yahya Safari, Sare Safi, Saeid Safiri, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Joseph S Salama, Payman Salamati, Marwa R Rashad Salem, Yahya Salimi, Joshua A Salomon, Inbal Salz, Zainab Samad, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Benn Sartorius, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Davide Sattin, Mete Saylan, Lauren E Schaeffer, Silvia Schiavolin, David C Schwebel, Falk Schwendicke, Mario Sekerija, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Mahsima Shabani, Saeed Shahabi, Mohammad Shahbaz, Amira A Shaheen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Zeinab Sharafi, Fablina Sharara, Rajesh Sharma, David H Shaw, Aziz Sheikh, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Mark G Shrime, Kerem Shuval, Soraya Siabani, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Biagio Simonetti, Kyle E Simpson, Jasvinder A Singh, Eirini Skiadaresi, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Amin Soheili, Anton Sokhan, Reed J D Sorensen, Joan B Soriano, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Leo Stockfelt, Mark A Stokes, Jacob L Stubbs, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Bryan L Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Karen M Tabb, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Amir Taherkhani, Muming Tang, Nuno Taveira, Heather Jean Taylor, Whitney L Teagle, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Nihal Thomas, Amanda G Thrift, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Fotis Topouzis, Marcos Roberto Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Ravensara Travillian, Sergi Trias-Llimós, Thomas Clement Truelsen, Lorainne Tudor Car, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Marco Vacante, Alireza Vakilian, Pascual R Valdez, Alessandro Valli, Constantine Vardavas, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos, Yasser Vasseghian, Yousef Veisani, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Simone Vidale, Francesco S Violante, Vasily Vlassov, Stein Emil Vollset, Theo Vos, Isidora S Vujcic, Ana Vukovic, Rade Vukovic, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Magdalene K Walters, Hongbo Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Stefanie Watson, Jingkai Wei, Jordan Weiss, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Harvey A Whiteford, Taweewat Wiangkham, Kirsten E Wiens, Tissa Wijeratne, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Charles D A Wolfe, Adam Belay Wondmieneh, Eve E Wool, Ai-Min Wu, Junjie Wu, Gelin Xu, Tomohide Yamada, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Yuichiro Yano, Sanni Yaya, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Jamal A Yearwood, Tomas Y Yeheyis, Christopher Sabo Yilgwan, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok-Jun Yoon, Javad Yoosefi Lebni, Hunter W York, Mustafa Z Younis, Theodore Patrick Younker, Zabihollah Yousefi, Taraneh Yousefinezhadi, Abdilahi Yousuf Yousuf, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Josefina Zakzuk, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Maryam Zamanian, Hamed Zandian, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Peng Zheng, Maigeng Zhou, Arash Ziapour, Christopher J L Murray