| Title |
Poxviruses Deploy Genomic Accordions to Adapt Rapidly against Host Antiviral Defenses
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Cell, August 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.049 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Nels C. Elde, Stephanie J. Child, Michael T. Eickbush, Jacob O. Kitzman, Kelsey S. Rogers, Jay Shendure, Adam P. Geballe, Harmit S. Malik |
| Abstract |
In contrast to RNA viruses, double-stranded DNA viruses have low mutation rates yet must still adapt rapidly in response to changing host defenses. To determine mechanisms of adaptation, we subjected the model poxvirus vaccinia to serial propagation in human cells, where its antihost factor K3L is maladapted against the antiviral protein kinase R (PKR). Viruses rapidly acquired higher fitness via recurrent K3L gene amplifications, incurring up to 7%-10% increases in genome size. These transient gene expansions were necessary and sufficient to counteract human PKR and facilitated the gain of an adaptive amino acid substitution in K3L that also defeats PKR. Subsequent reductions in gene amplifications offset the costs associated with larger genome size while retaining adaptive substitutions. Our discovery of viral "gene-accordions" explains how poxviruses can rapidly adapt to defeat different host defenses despite low mutation rates and reveals how classical Red Queen conflicts can progress through unrecognized intermediates. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 55 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 17 | 31% |
| United Kingdom | 6 | 11% |
| France | 2 | 4% |
| India | 2 | 4% |
| South Africa | 1 | 2% |
| Mexico | 1 | 2% |
| Belgium | 1 | 2% |
| Italy | 1 | 2% |
| Peru | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 3 | 5% |
| Unknown | 20 | 36% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 31 | 56% |
| Scientists | 19 | 35% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 5% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 308 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 10 | 3% |
| Australia | 2 | <1% |
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| Czechia | 1 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| Canada | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Russia | 1 | <1% |
| Mexico | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 2 | <1% |
| Unknown | 287 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 96 | 31% |
| Researcher | 51 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 30 | 10% |
| Student > Master | 27 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 24 | 8% |
| Other | 42 | 14% |
| Unknown | 38 | 12% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 145 | 47% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 64 | 21% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 26 | 8% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 2% |
| Engineering | 4 | 1% |
| Other | 15 | 5% |
| Unknown | 48 | 16% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 105. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 17 October 2022.
All research outputs
#409,045
of 25,789,020 outputs
Outputs from Cell
#2,161
of 17,292 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#1,913
of 179,892 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Cell
#10
of 140 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,789,020 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 98th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 17,292 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 59.7. This one has done well, scoring higher than 87% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 140 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 92% of its contemporaries.