| Title |
BID‐dependent release of mitochondrial SMAC dampens XIAP‐mediated immunity against Shigella
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
EMBO Journal, July 2014
|
| DOI | 10.15252/embj.201387244 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Maria Andree, Jens M Seeger, Stephan Schüll, Oliver Coutelle, Diana Wagner-Stippich, Katja Wiegmann, Claudia M Wunderlich, Kerstin Brinkmann, Pia Broxtermann, Axel Witt, Melanie Fritsch, Paola Martinelli, Harald Bielig, Tobias Lamkemeyer, Elena I Rugarli, Thomas Kaufmann, Anja Sterner-Kock, F Thomas Wunderlich, Andreas Villunger, L Miguel Martins, Martin Krönke, Thomas A Kufer, Olaf Utermöhlen, Hamid Kashkar |
| Abstract |
The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a potent caspase inhibitor, best known for its anti-apoptotic function in cancer. During apoptosis, XIAP is antagonized by SMAC, which is released from the mitochondria upon caspase-mediated activation of BID. Recent studies suggest that XIAP is involved in immune signaling. Here, we explore XIAP as an important mediator of an immune response against the enteroinvasive bacterium Shigella flexneri, both in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate for the first time that Shigella evades the XIAP-mediated immune response by inducing the BID-dependent release of SMAC from the mitochondria. Unlike apoptotic stimuli, Shigella activates the calpain-dependent cleavage of BID to trigger the release of SMAC, which antagonizes the inflammatory action of XIAP without inducing apoptosis. Our results demonstrate how the cellular death machinery can be subverted by an invasive pathogen to ensure bacterial colonization. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 83 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Norway | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 82 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 24 | 29% |
| Researcher | 17 | 20% |
| Student > Bachelor | 9 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 7% |
| Other | 4 | 5% |
| Other | 11 | 13% |
| Unknown | 12 | 14% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 28 | 34% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 25 | 30% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 13% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 6% |
| Business, Management and Accounting | 1 | 1% |
| Other | 2 | 2% |
| Unknown | 11 | 13% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 10. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 02 October 2014.
All research outputs
#3,629,388
of 25,411,814 outputs
Outputs from EMBO Journal
#2,242
of 12,117 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#34,739
of 239,764 outputs
Outputs of similar age from EMBO Journal
#27
of 70 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,411,814 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 85th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 12,117 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.7. This one has done well, scoring higher than 81% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 70 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 61% of its contemporaries.