Title |
Coccidioidomycosis Outbreaks, United States and Worldwide, 1940–2015 - Volume 24, Number 3—March 2018 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
|
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Published in |
Emerging Infectious Diseases, March 2018
|
DOI | 10.3201/eid2403.170623 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Michael Freedman, Brendan R. Jackson, Orion McCotter, Kaitlin Benedict |
Abstract |
Coccidioidomycosis causes substantial illness and death in the United States each year. Although most cases are sporadic, outbreaks provide insight into the clinical and environmental features of coccidioidomycosis, high-risk activities, and the geographic range of Coccidioides fungi. We identified reports published in English of 47 coccidioidomycosis outbreaks worldwide that resulted in 1,464 cases during 1940-2015. Most (85%) outbreaks were associated with environmental exposures; the 2 largest outbreaks resulted from an earthquake and a large dust storm. More than one third of outbreaks occurred in areas where the fungus was not previously known to be endemic, and more than half of outbreaks involved occupational exposures. Coccidioidomycosis outbreaks can be difficult to detect and challenging to prevent given the unknown effectiveness of environmental control methods and personal protective equipment; therefore, increased awareness of coccidioidomycosis outbreaks is needed among public health professionals, healthcare providers, and the public. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 25 | 53% |
Canada | 1 | 2% |
Georgia | 1 | 2% |
Thailand | 1 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
Romania | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 17 | 36% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 30 | 64% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 8 | 17% |
Scientists | 6 | 13% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 55 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 7 | 13% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 9% |
Professor | 5 | 9% |
Researcher | 4 | 7% |
Other | 11 | 20% |
Unknown | 18 | 33% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 15 | 27% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 11% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 5% |
Environmental Science | 3 | 5% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 4% |
Other | 8 | 15% |
Unknown | 18 | 33% |