Title |
Regulation of skeletal muscle growth by the IGF1-Akt/PKB pathway: insights from genetic models
|
---|---|
Published in |
Skeletal Muscle, January 2011
|
DOI | 10.1186/2044-5040-1-4 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Stefano Schiaffino, Cristina Mammucari |
Abstract |
A highly conserved signaling pathway involving insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and a cascade of intracellular components that mediate its effects, plays a major role in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth. A central component in this cascade is the kinase Akt, also called protein kinase B (PKB), which controls both protein synthesis, via the kinases mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and protein degradation, via the transcription factors of the FoxO family. In this paper, we review the composition and function of this pathway in skeletal muscle fibers, focusing on evidence obtained in vivo by transgenic and knockout models and by muscle transient transfection experiments. Although this pathway is essential for muscle growth during development and regeneration, its role in adult muscle response to mechanical load is less clear. A full understanding of the operation of this pathway could help to design molecularly targeted therapeutics aimed at preventing muscle wasting, which occurs in a variety of pathologic contexts and in the course of aging. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Brazil | 5 | <1% |
Spain | 4 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 4 | <1% |
United States | 3 | <1% |
Italy | 3 | <1% |
Canada | 2 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Ireland | 1 | <1% |
Turkey | 1 | <1% |
Other | 4 | <1% |
Unknown | 810 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 153 | 18% |
Student > Master | 132 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 111 | 13% |
Researcher | 100 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 47 | 6% |
Other | 143 | 17% |
Unknown | 152 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 237 | 28% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 156 | 19% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 87 | 10% |
Sports and Recreations | 67 | 8% |
Engineering | 20 | 2% |
Other | 90 | 11% |
Unknown | 181 | 22% |