Title |
A review of contamination of surface-, ground-, and drinking water in Sweden by perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
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Published in |
Ambio, November 2016
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DOI | 10.1007/s13280-016-0848-8 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Stefan Banzhaf, Marko Filipovic, Jeffrey Lewis, Charlotte J. Sparrenbom, Roland Barthel |
Abstract |
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are found in aquatic systems, flora, and fauna worldwide. These potentially harmful compounds are also frequently detected in Sweden and have already resulted in severe problems for public drinking water supply, i.e., some wells had to be closed due to high PFAS concentrations both in raw water and produced drinking water. Knowledge on PFAS occurrence in Sweden is still quite low, although monitoring is currently ongoing. This work describes potential sources for PFASs to enter the drinking water supply in Sweden and compares different occurrences of PFASs in raw and drinking water in the country. Moreover, the monitoring history, the legal situation, and remediation actions taken are presented. Finally, future challenges and the way forward in Sweden are discussed. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Sweden | 3 | 50% |
United States | 1 | 17% |
Unknown | 2 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 5 | 83% |
Scientists | 1 | 17% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 364 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 66 | 18% |
Student > Master | 51 | 14% |
Researcher | 49 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 23 | 6% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 22 | 6% |
Other | 37 | 10% |
Unknown | 116 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 76 | 21% |
Chemistry | 47 | 13% |
Engineering | 37 | 10% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 12 | 3% |
Chemical Engineering | 10 | 3% |
Other | 44 | 12% |
Unknown | 138 | 38% |