Title |
Antiviral activity of crude extracts from Commiphora swynnertonii against Newcastle disease virus in ovo
|
---|---|
Published in |
Tropical Animal Health and Production, February 2012
|
DOI | 10.1007/s11250-012-0076-6 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Gaymary George Bakari, Robert A. Max, Robinson H. Mdegela, Elliot C. J. Phiri, Mkumbukwa M. A. Mtambo |
Abstract |
Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of crude extracts from resin, leaves, stem barks and root barks of Commiphora swynnertonii against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) using an in ovo assay. Nine-day-old embryonated chicken eggs were divided into seven groups (n = 6) and received various treatments. Six groups were inoculated with velogenic NDV strain; five groups out of these were treated with different concentrations of the four extracts or a diluent, dimethylsulphoxide. The uninoculated and inoculated groups were left as negative and positive controls, respectively. Embryo survival was observed daily and embryo weights were measured day 5 post-inoculation; a few eggs from selected groups were left to hatch. Allantoic fluid from treated eggs and serum from hatched chicks were collected for hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests to detect NDV in the eggs and antibodies against NDV in the hatched chicks respectively. Results showed that embryo survival and mean embryo weight were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in those groups which were treated with the crude extracts from C. swynnertonii than the positive control group. Also the extracts significantly (p < 0.001) reduced virus titres, whereas no viruses were detected in the allantoic fluids of the resin-treated group at the highest concentration of 500 μg/mL. Furthermore, the HI test results showed very low levels of antibodies against NDV in chicks hatched from resin and root bark extract-treated eggs suggesting that these plant materials were capable of destroying the NDV before stimulating the developing chick's immunity. The current findings have clearly demonstrated that crude extracts especially that of resin from C. swynnertonii have strong antiviral activity against NDV in ovo. In vivo trials are needed to validate the use of resin from the tree in controlling Newcastle disease in chickens. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Indonesia | 1 | 2% |
Kenya | 1 | 2% |
Nigeria | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 48 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 12 | 24% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 12% |
Student > Master | 5 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 6% |
Lecturer | 3 | 6% |
Other | 9 | 18% |
Unknown | 13 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 14 | 27% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 12% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 6 | 12% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 4% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 4% |
Other | 4 | 8% |
Unknown | 17 | 33% |