Title |
Postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature Medicine, August 2023
|
DOI | 10.1038/s41591-023-02521-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Benjamin Bowe, Yan Xie, Ziyad Al-Aly |
Abstract |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to postacute sequelae in multiple organ systems, but evidence is mostly limited to the first year postinfection. We built a cohort of 138,818 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 5,985,227 noninfected control group from the US Department of Veterans Affairs and followed them for 2 years to estimate the risks of death and 80 prespecified postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) according to care setting during the acute phase of infection. The increased risk of death was not significant beyond 6 months after infection among nonhospitalized but remained significantly elevated through the 2 years in hospitalized individuals. Within the 80 prespecified sequelae, 69% and 35% of them became not significant at 2 years after infection among nonhospitalized and hospitalized individuals, respectively. Cumulatively at 2 years, PASC contributed 80.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 71.6-89.6) and 642.8 (95% CI: 596.9-689.3) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 1,000 persons among nonhospitalized and hospitalized individuals; 25.3% (18.9-31.0%) and 21.3% (18.2-24.5%) of the cumulative 2-year DALYs in nonhospitalized and hospitalized were from the second year. In sum, while risks of many sequelae declined 2 years after infection, the substantial cumulative burden of health loss due to PASC calls for attention to the care needs of people with long-term health effects due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
Twitter Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Japan | 795 | 11% |
United States | 711 | 10% |
Canada | 291 | 4% |
United Kingdom | 243 | 3% |
Australia | 114 | 2% |
Germany | 97 | 1% |
Spain | 81 | 1% |
France | 46 | <1% |
Netherlands | 44 | <1% |
Other | 445 | 6% |
Unknown | 4533 | 61% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6716 | 91% |
Scientists | 345 | 5% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 241 | 3% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 98 | 1% |