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Prices and availability of locally produced and imported medicines in Ethiopia and Tanzania

Overview of attention for article published in Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, January 2017
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  • In the top 25% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age (88th percentile)
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age and source (87th percentile)

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1 news outlet
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9 X users

Citations

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34 Dimensions

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113 Mendeley
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Title
Prices and availability of locally produced and imported medicines in Ethiopia and Tanzania
Published in
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, January 2017
DOI 10.1186/s40545-016-0095-1
Pubmed ID
Authors

M. Ewen, W. Kaplan, T. Gedif, M. Justin-Temu, C. Vialle-Valentin, Z. Mirza, B. Regeer, M. Zweekhorst, R. Laing

Abstract

To assess the effect of policies supporting local medicine production to improve access to medicines. We adapted the WHO/HAI instruments measuring medicines availability and prices to differentiate local from imported products, then pilot tested in Ethiopia and Tanzania. In each outlet, prices were recorded for all products in stock for medicines on a country-specific list. Government procurement prices were also collected. Prices were compared to an international reference and expressed as median price ratios (MPR). The Ethiopian government paid more for local products (median MPR = 1.20) than for imports (median MPR = 0.84). Eight of nine medicines procured as both local and imported products were cheaper when imported. Availability was better for local products compared to imports, in the public (48% vs. 19%, respectively) and private (54% vs. 35%, respectively) sectors. Patient prices were lower for imports in the public sector (median MPR = 1.18[imported] vs. 1.44[local]) and higher in the private sector (median MPR = 5.42[imported] vs. 1.85[local]). In the public sector, patients paid 17% and 53% more than the government procurement price for local and imported products, respectively. The Tanzanian government paid less for local products (median MPR = 0.69) than imports (median MPR = 1.34). In the public sector, availability of local and imported products was 21% and 32% respectively, with patients paying slightly more for local products (median MPR = 1.35[imported] vs. 1.44[local]). In the private sector, local products were less available (21%) than imports (70%) but prices were similar (median MPR = 2.29[imported] vs. 2.27[local]). In the public sector, patients paid 135% and 65% more than the government procurement price for local and imported products, respectively. Our results show how local production can affect availability and prices, and how it can be influenced by preferential purchasing and mark-ups in the public sector. Governments need to evaluate the impact of local production policies, and adjust policies to protect patients from paying more for local products.

X Demographics

X Demographics

The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 9 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 113 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United States 1 <1%
Unknown 112 99%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Master 24 21%
Student > Bachelor 14 12%
Researcher 13 12%
Student > Ph. D. Student 8 7%
Student > Doctoral Student 6 5%
Other 15 13%
Unknown 33 29%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 24 21%
Medicine and Dentistry 12 11%
Nursing and Health Professions 9 8%
Social Sciences 8 7%
Economics, Econometrics and Finance 7 6%
Other 18 16%
Unknown 35 31%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 15. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 22 June 2023.
All research outputs
#2,247,023
of 23,924,883 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
#51
of 440 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#47,141
of 424,804 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
#2
of 8 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,924,883 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 90th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 440 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 10.8. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 424,804 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 8 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than 6 of them.