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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Increased stray gas abundance in a subset of drinking water wells near Marcellus shale gas extraction
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, June 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1221635110 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Robert B. Jackson, Avner Vengosh, Thomas H. Darrah, Nathaniel R. Warner, Adrian Down, Robert J. Poreda, Stephen G. Osborn, Kaiguang Zhao, Jonathan D. Karr |
| Abstract |
Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are transforming energy production, but their potential environmental effects remain controversial. We analyzed 141 drinking water wells across the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province of northeastern Pennsylvania, examining natural gas concentrations and isotopic signatures with proximity to shale gas wells. Methane was detected in 82% of drinking water samples, with average concentrations six times higher for homes <1 km from natural gas wells (P = 0.0006). Ethane was 23 times higher in homes <1 km from gas wells (P = 0.0013); propane was detected in 10 water wells, all within approximately 1 km distance (P = 0.01). Of three factors previously proposed to influence gas concentrations in shallow groundwater (distances to gas wells, valley bottoms, and the Appalachian Structural Front, a proxy for tectonic deformation), distance to gas wells was highly significant for methane concentrations (P = 0.007; multiple regression), whereas distances to valley bottoms and the Appalachian Structural Front were not significant (P = 0.27 and P = 0.11, respectively). Distance to gas wells was also the most significant factor for Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses (P < 0.01). For ethane concentrations, distance to gas wells was the only statistically significant factor (P < 0.005). Isotopic signatures (δ(13)C-CH4, δ(13)C-C2H6, and δ(2)H-CH4), hydrocarbon ratios (methane to ethane and propane), and the ratio of the noble gas (4)He to CH4 in groundwater were characteristic of a thermally postmature Marcellus-like source in some cases. Overall, our data suggest that some homeowners living <1 km from gas wells have drinking water contaminated with stray gases. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 42 | 13% |
| United Kingdom | 36 | 11% |
| Canada | 11 | 3% |
| Netherlands | 10 | 3% |
| Australia | 8 | 2% |
| Spain | 7 | 2% |
| France | 6 | 2% |
| Germany | 3 | <1% |
| Ireland | 2 | <1% |
| Other | 12 | 4% |
| Unknown | 198 | 59% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 292 | 87% |
| Scientists | 25 | 7% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 13 | 4% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 1% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 591 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 15 | 3% |
| United Kingdom | 4 | <1% |
| Germany | 3 | <1% |
| Canada | 3 | <1% |
| France | 2 | <1% |
| South Africa | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 563 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 105 | 18% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 104 | 18% |
| Researcher | 102 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 84 | 14% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 29 | 5% |
| Other | 99 | 17% |
| Unknown | 68 | 12% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 138 | 23% |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | 105 | 18% |
| Engineering | 76 | 13% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 59 | 10% |
| Social Sciences | 30 | 5% |
| Other | 84 | 14% |
| Unknown | 99 | 17% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 643. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 June 2023.
All research outputs
#36,502
of 26,588,416 outputs
Outputs from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#1,017
of 105,275 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#168
of 211,287 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#11
of 984 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 26,588,416 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 105,275 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 40.3. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 211,287 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 984 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its contemporaries.